Philosophy Question

This week, you will submit a detailed outline of your term paper. Your submission must include sections corresponding to the following subheadings:

• Technical Aspects
  Provides necessary medical and scientific information to understand the issue.
• Public Policy
  Describes current and proposed changes in public policy/law.
• Arguments For and Against
  Include a summary of the arguments in favor of and opposed to specific interventions, techniques, or products and a discussion of underlying ethical principles. Discuss the public policy with two additional argumentative paragraphs- one discussing the in favor of and one paragraph discussing the opposing argument
• Conclusion
  Expresses your personal opinion regarding the importance of the topic and the strength of the pro and con arguments.

Use the outline attached below i sent to create this paper

Additionally, you must include:

• Topic Sentences and Paragraph Transitions
  Each section of your outline should include topic sentences and paragraph transitions that tie your significant points together.
• Detail Sufficient to Evaluate your Thinking
  Write complete thoughts.
• Quotes and Paraphrases
  Include from three outside sources, indicated by APA in-text citations. Sources should be less than five years old unless recent research is not available, and at least one reference must be a peer-reviewed article from a professional journal. Do not use Wikipedia or an encyclopedia as they are not considered reliable academic sources and will not be accepted.
• Proper APA Formatting
  Include a Title Page and References. No Abstract is required for this assignment.

This is my paper use this as a resource this is what it should be about.

Universal Health Coverage Ethics

My reasoning behind the topic

I decided to conduct a study on the topic of access to public health care, in particular,

universal health coverage (UHC), which can be considered a highly significant issue in the world

in general and the quality of life and survival of millions of people in particular. In spite of the

development of medicine and technology, basic healthcare services continue to be unaffordable

to many people because of financial, geographic or system barriers. At least half of the world’s

population still does not receive essential health services, highlighting the urgency of this issue.

(Fletcher, 2025)

Universal health coverage is the subject of an ongoing ethical argument due to the

opposing opinions on whether healthcare is a human right or a privilege that depends on an

individual’s capacity to pay. The chosen topic appeals to me because it brings up critical

questions of fairness, equality, and the government’s task of ensuring the well-being of the

citizens. It is also an expression of real-life struggles with the scarcity of resources and the

increasing demands of healthcare.

Pro Arguments

Advocates of universal health coverage identify healthcare services as a fundamental

human right that has to be provided to everyone, irrespective of their socioeconomic status. UHC

ensures that people receive necessary health services without suffering financial hardships,

thereby improving overall population health and reducing inequalities. (World Health

Organization, 2025)

Ethically, justice is a great advocate of universal health coverage. Equal distribution of

resources and fairness are also highlighted in the principle of justice. UHC is a concept that3

fosters equity by making sure that the vulnerable and marginalized groups can obtain basic

healthcare services. Utilitarianism justifies UHC, as it helps to promote the greatest good for the

greatest number of people through better health outcomes and fewer preventable deaths. (Miiro

et al., 2022)

This course of action is also supported by the principle of beneficence as governments

healthcare system has a moral duty to act in such a manner that would benefit individuals and

communities (Nihalen Fahlquist,2021). Access to healthcare for everyone will result in early

diagnosis of disease, improved management of chronic diseases, and an improved quality of life

in general.

Con Arguments

Critics of universal health coverage consider universal health care systems to be

expensive to introduce and can create a huge financial strain on the government and taxpayers

(Britannica, 2024). Critics assert that UHC may cause inefficiencies, longer waiting periods, and

lower care quality as demand is high and limited resources are available.

Ethically, the libertarianism concept questions the concept of universal health coverage

because it focuses more on personal responsibility and minimal government intervention. Based

on this view, people ought to be given the opportunity to decide on their own healthcare, and

they should be free to pay what they decide. The enforcement of mandatory healthcare can be

regarded as a violation of individual rights and the freedom of the economy.

Besides, the opponents state that the UHC can negatively affect innovation and

competition within the healthcare industry. One can also refer to the principle of nonmaleficence,

since improperly introduced systems of public healthcare can inflict harm involuntarily through

the provision of poor services or the misuse of resources. (Aklilu Endalamaw et al., 2024).4

My stand on the subject

I consider the arguments in support of universal health coverage more persuasive.

Healthcare is a fundamental right to human dignity and survival, and no one should be deprived

of medical services because of financial constraints. I can relate well to the moral principle of

justice because it advocates fairness and equal chance to live healthy lives for all people.

Although I realize the problems that go along with universal healthcare systems regarding

funding and management. I feel that with good policy making, resources should be allocated

well, and with good governance, these issues can be solved. Early investments in money do not

purchase much compared to the long-term benefits of having a healthier population, which

would equate to improved productivity and reduced health care services.

UHC systems should be efficient, transparent, and sustainable. Governments would have

to balance the three factors: accessibility, quality, and accountability. In general, I agree with

universal health coverage as a moral, realistic solution to enhancing the health outcomes of the

population.5

References

Fletcher, E. R. (2025, December 6). Over half the world s population lacked access to basic

health care services in 2023- Health Policy Watch. Health Policy Watch.

Miiro, C., Ndawula, J. C., Musudo, E., Nabuuma, O. P., Mpaata, C. N., Nabukenya, S., Akaka,

A., Bebembeire, O., & Sanya, D. (2022). Achieving optimal health data impact in rural

African healthcare settings: measures to barriers in Bukomansimbi District, Central

Uganda. International Journal for Equity in Health, 21(1).

World Health Organization. (2025, March 26). Universal-Health-Coverage-(UHC). World Health

Organization.

https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/universal-health-coverage-(uhc)

MAKE SURE ITS APA 7TH EDITION IN TEXT CITE/REFERNCES +FORMAT DONT MISS ANYTHING PLEASE. MAKE IT ALL CORRECT SPELLING AND GRAMMER

Follow this Rubric

Performance Level	Point Range	Description
Meets Expectations	80 63.2 pts	The outline presents several high-quality, thought-provoking ideas that effectively and creatively support the thesis. It adds new insight to the discussion and demonstrates a well-balanced research approach, with subcategories of equal significance under each body paragraph. Subtopics are specific, avoid generalities, and reflect extensive research and critical thinking.
Approaches Expectations	63.2 47.2 pts	The outline includes some thought-provoking ideas that support the thesis. It generally demonstrates a balanced research approach, though some subcategories may lack equal significance. Subtopics are mostly specific but may include some generalities. Evidence of moderate research and thought is present.

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