Wk2: Ethics in Research

Based on the ethical principles (and error-laden examples in the past) that we studied this week, do researchers have an ethical obligation when their findings could be used to justify controversial policies, such as mass surveillance, indefinite detention, or biased and discriminatory practices in the name of homeland security? Why or why not? Reference three materials listed below: American Public University System. (n.d.). Institutional Review Board. Associated Press. (2022). Fifty years later, syphilis study still haunts America. &t=238s Barajas, J. (2016, February 19). How Nazi’s defense of just following orders plays out in the mind. Scientific American. Brear, M. R., & Gordon, R. (2021). Translating the principle of beneficence into ethical participatory development research practice. Journal of International Development, 33(1). Breed, A. G. (2022). How an AP reporter broke the Tuskegee syphilis story. Cannon, C., & Buttell, F. (2015). Institutional Review Boards at very high research activity universities: An opportunity for social workers. Research on Social Work Practice, 25(7). Caplan, A. (2007, June). Bad blood: The Tuskegee syphilis experiment. BioSocieties, 2(2). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Research implications: The US public health service untreated syphilis study at Tuskegee. Cherry, K. (2024). Understanding the Milgram experiment in psychology. Verywell Mind. Cohen, B. C. (n.d.). Nazi medical experimentation: The ethics of using medical data from Nazi experiments. Jewish Virtual Library. Congressional Research Service. (2024, February 8). Research security policies: An overview. Godlee, F., Smith, J., & Marcovitch, H. (2011, January 5). Wakefields article linking MMR vaccine and autism was fraudulent. British Medical Journal, 342. Heller, J. (2022). AP exposes the Tuskegee syphilis study: The 50th anniversary. Howell, J. D., & Hayward, R. A. (2003). Writing Willowbrook, reading Willowbrook: The recounting of a medical experiment. In J. Goodman, A. McElligott, & L. Marks (Eds.), Useful bodies: Humans in the service of medical science in the twentieth century (pp. 190214). Johns Hopkins University Press. McLeod, S. (2023). Stanford prison experiment: Zimbardos famous study. Simply Psychology. Milgram, S. (1962). The Milgram experiment 1962 full documentary [Video]. YouTube. &t=2666s Millum, J. (2020). International clinical research and justice in the Belmont Report. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 63(2). Miteu, G. D. (2024, March). Ethics in scientific research: A lens into its importance, history, and future. Annals of Medicine and Surgery, 86(5). Mukherjee, S. P. (2019). A guide to research methodology: An overview of research problems, tasks and methods. CRC Press. Nagai H., Nakazawa, E., & Akabayashi., A. (2022, December). The creation of the Belmont Report and its effect on ethical principles: A historical study. Monash Bioethics Review, 40(2). Office for Human Research Protections. (n.d.). Federal policy for the protection of human subjects (Common Rule). Ouellette, J. (2022, May 5). 50 years on, the lessons of the Tuskegee syphilis study still reverberate. ars Technica. Perry, G. (2013). Inside Milgram’s shock machine. Resnik, D. B. (2009, September). Perspective: Disclosing hidden sources of funding. Academic Medicine, 84(9). Rivera, G. (1972). Willowbrook: The last great disgrace [Video]. ABC News. Romm, C. (2015, January 28). Rethinking one of psychologys most infamous experiments. The Atlantic. Rosenbaum, L. (2020). The hideous truth of testing vaccines. Forbes. Subbaraman, N. (2023, September 24). The band of debunkers busting bad scientists. Wall Street Journal. Turk, M. A. & Mudrick, N.R. (2012). Rehabilitation interventions. Sage Reference Publications. U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum. (n.d.). Eichmann trial. Wallis, C. (2010, February). Debunked. Time, 175(6). Ward, R., Krugman, S., Giles, J. P., Jacobs, A. M., & Bodansky, O. (1958, February). Infectious hepatitis: Studies of its natural history and prevention. New England Journal of Medicine, 258(9). Wellington, J., & Szczerbinski, J. (2007). Research methods for the social sciences. Continuum. Zimbardo, P. (2004). Quiet rage: The Stanford prison eExperiment [Video]. AlexanderStreet.