Why there is so many corruption in india ?

Corruption in India manifests across multiple levels and sectors, affecting both public administration and private activities. Based on comprehensive analyses of governance reports and research studies, the prevalent types of corruption include the following:

1. Petty Corruption

Occurs at low levels of government and public services.
Typical examples: Bribes for routine licenses, certificates, permits, school admissions, municipal services, and speeding up administrative procedures.
Impact: Directly affects ordinary citizens, particularly marginalized groups, creating a loss of trust in governance.

2. Grand Corruption

Involves large-scale embezzlement, policy manipulation, or procurement fraud.
Carried out by high-level politicians, bureaucrats, and influential business leaders.
Examples: Mega-project scams, defence procurement kickbacks, mining scandals, and allocation of government contracts in exchange for illicit benefits.
Impact: Distorts governance and economic development, eroding meritocracy and equity in public administration.

3. Systemic or Institutionalized Corruption

Corruption that is normalized within institutions; unethical practices are routine and accepted.
Examples: Collusion between contractors, officials, and politicians to inflate costs or deliver substandard services; rent-seeking monopolies in regulated sectors.
Impact: Weakens institutional integrity, allowing corruption to persist across departments and states.

4. Political Corruption

Manipulation of political offices for private or party gain.
Examples: Electoral funding irregularities, vote-buying, seat allocation favors, criminalization of politics.
Impact: Compromises democratic processes and accountability.

5. Bureaucratic and Administrative Corruption

Exploitation of discretionary powers and loopholes in public administration.
Examples: Licensing scams, use of middlemen for driver or business licenses, tampering with social welfare schemes (e.g., MGNREGA or PDS programs), delays to extract bribes.

6. Corporate and Financial Corruption

Manipulation of financial and corporate sectors for private enrichment.
Examples: Money laundering, opaque funding via electoral bonds, collusion with public officials to bypass regulations, preferential mineral or resource allotments.

7. Judicial and Investigative Corruption

Compromise in the justice system or investigative agencies.
Examples: Delayed trials, bail for corrupt politicians, under-enforcement of anti-corruption laws, compromised investigation quality.

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