Place-Based Development and Inequality in Puerto Rico

Literature Review Part 1. Start from proposal (do not skip this) Open the reference list from approved proposal This is your authority base. Any source already approved by committee is safe to reuse. Highlight sources that match these themes Mark each proposal source as one (or more) of the following: Act 22 / Act 60 policy background Puerto Rico economic development Housing affordability / gentrification Income inequality Place-based tax incentives Spatial spillovers / neighborhood effects Panel or longitudinal methods Discard (or downgrade) weak sources News articles use only for context, not theory Blogs / advocacy reports background only Keep peer-reviewed work for core arguments Part 2. Use Google Scholar the RIGHT way How to search (copy these exactly) Use quotation marks + theory, not vague terms: “Act 60” Puerto Rico inequality “place-based tax incentives” housing “tax incentives” spatial inequality “gentrification” Puerto Rico housing “spatial spillovers” neighborhood change “panel data” income inequality What to click Click PDF or journal links, not summaries Check Cited by to find foundational papers Prefer: Urban Studies Journal of Urban Affairs Regional Studies Economic Development Quarterly Housing Policy Debate Part 3. Where to add REAL sources in YOUR literature review Below I list exact paragraphs from your revised literature review and the types of sources that belong there, plus example citations you can actually use. Paragraph 1: Puerto Rico development & inequality Use: Policy background Structural inequality Good sources to add: Maldonado, A., & Melndez, E. (2019). Puerto Ricos economic restructuring and inequality. Dietz, J. L. (2003). Puerto Rico: Negotiating development and change. Paragraph 2: Act 22 / Act 60 and investor impacts Use: Act 22 / Act 60specific analysis Good sources: Gould, W. (2017). Tax incentives and economic development in Puerto Rico. Rodrguez-Cotto, I. (2020). Act 22 and wealth migration to Puerto Rico. Paragraph 3: Housing pressure & gentrification Use: Housing affordability Displacement theory Core sources (very strong): Smith, N. (1996). The New Urban Frontier. Zuk, M., et al. (2018). Gentrification, displacement, and the role of public investment. (These are gold-standard gentrification citations.) Paragraph 4: Fine-scale spatial analysis (ZIP level) Use: Neighborhood-scale analysis justification Good sources: Reardon, S. F., & Bischoff, K. (2011). Income inequality and income segregation. Galster, G. (2012). The mechanism(s) of neighborhood effects. Paragraph 5: Place-based tax incentives (broader U.S. literature) Use: National comparison Incentive critique Very strong sources: Bartik, T. J. (2017). A new panel database on business incentives. Neumark, D., & Simpson, H. (2015). Place-based policies. Paragraph 6: Housing & inequality mechanisms Use: Housing as inequality driver Core sources: Desmond, M. (2016). Evicted. Joint Center for Housing Studies (Harvard) annual reports. Paragraph 7: Panel models Use: Longitudinal justification Methods-safe sources: Wooldridge, J. M. (2010). Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data. Baltagi, B. (2008). Econometric Analysis of Panel Data. Paragraph 8: Spatial spillovers Use: Spillover theory Neighbor effects Strong sources: Anselin, L. (1988). Spatial Econometrics. LeSage, J., & Pace, R. K. (2009). Introduction to Spatial Econometrics. Part 4. How to integrate sources cleanly When replacing [CITATION]: Use 12 citations per paragraph Put citations at the end of sentences Do not over-stack references Example: …development pressures are spatially concentrated rather than evenly distributed across regions (Smith, 1996; Zuk et al., 2018). Part 5. Transparency about AI rewording (REAL thesis language) If your department requires disclosure, use this exact language (safe and professional): Language editing assistance was used to improve clarity and organization. All sources were independently selected, reviewed, and interpreted by the author.