Cindy history disc 2

Please select one of the following questions and respond:

Examine the videos from Guns, Germs and Steel. What stood out to you in the strategy, tactics and/or technologies that led to civilizations being dominant?
Describe the major similarities and differences in the three Models of colonization presented in the Powerpoint Presentations. According to lecture, how did these affect development in the different colonies?
Briefly Describe European competition and warfare between Empires in the time period. How did this affect exploration in the Americas?
After reading the excerpts from John Smith in 1624, what observations can you draw from the perceptions of John Smith on the Indigenous populations? How does that clash with modern perceptions of indigenous populations and the harsh realities of colonization?

Example 1

Briefly Describe European competition and warfare between Empires in the time period. How did this affect exploration in the Americas?

European countries during the Age of Exploration all had similar ambitions in establishing colonies and generating wealth in the “New World.” The political battles between these countries determined how the Americas would be divided among colonial powers. Spain and Portugal had already been feuding since before any ventures across the Atlantic. Gaining an advantage in the world stage and economy meant having control of the spice trade, which Portugal was in the process of doing by reason of the fact that Portuguese mariners had already sailed the Indian Ocean. It was this endeavor to reach the Far East that led to Columbus’ voyages.

The Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 was a major determinant in the future landscape of colonization of the Americas. This agreement between Portugal and Spain was a direct result of their rivalry for land in the Americas. A north-south line dividing South America granted Spain all land west of the line and Portugal all land east of the line. This is why Portuguese is the official language of Brazil, while the rest of Latin America became a mixture of Indigenous and Spanish culture.

Interestingly, religious conflict also played a role in colonization. Persecution of Protestants by the Catholic Spanish empire led to costly wars with England that left Spain in a position where they could not prevent the encroachment of other countries establishing themselves in the Caribbean and therefore gaining an advantage in the Western Hemisphere. Eventually, a separatist group of Protestants, the Puritans, would cross the Atlantic and create New England in order to establish a Protestant society the way they saw fit. England’s occupations with these wars and religious conflicts combined with a lack of sufficient financial resources made colonization a slow process in North America.

Example 2

Describe the major similarities and differences in the three Models of colonization presented in the Powerpoint Presentations. According to lecture, how did these affect development in the different colonies?

These 3 models of colonization have many similarities and differences but there are some major ones between the 3. Let’s start with the British model differences which state that their religion is non-catholic and protestant but as for the french and Spanish models, they are very big and controlled by Catholics. A similarity that all models have would be for the economy they all trade but the British has more part of the economy than the French and Spanish models. The French and the British were both governed under royalty, while the Spanish model was governers or viceroys. Another similarity between the Spanish and the French model was that they both had a very slow growth in population compared to the British model. Overall the 2 models that had more in common were the Spanish and french ones. The British model did not have that much in common with the others because they had their own small government.

In my opinion, I think these 3 models will be heavily affected by development in different colonies because of many reasons. Just as I stated above the British had huge population growth since it allowed immigrants and that helped with their economy to fish, farm, artist, and trade. The Spanish model and their colonies mainly focused on the rich and royal which led to having more control. Finally, the French model had slow growth because they were controlled by Catholic Clergy and that led to their first colonies being affected by the economy since there was no charge for it.

Example 3

The British Model, the French Model, and the Spanish Model are the three distinct models of colonization that have been developed. The primary distinction between the two models is the manner in which they were settled. The British model established colonies by royal charters, whereas the French established their first colonies as trading posts. On the other hand, the Spanish model established colonies through crown-sponsored invasions in order to acquire wealth for their empire. One of the most significant similarities among them is the way in which their economies functioned, which was wholly centered on commerce. The British would have farming, fishing, trading, exports, and imports, while the French would trade with fur. Finally, the Spanish economy would have trades that were enforced by the Spanish military. Both the French and the Spanish models were comparable in terms of how they dealt with their relationships with the indigenous people of the Americas. Both the French and the Spanish perceived Native Americans as heathens for the sake of conversion and missionary focus, and soldiers viewed locals as either enemies or workers. The French would attempt to convert the Native Americans, but respect led to numerous partnerships and used them against the British in wars. The religion of both the French and the Spanish was Catholic, with the Spanish being a strict Catholic and the French being heavily governed by Catholic clergy. This was another similarity between the two groups of people. I believe that the various models had an impact on the growth of the various colonies due to the fact that the models were brought up in a variety of different ways, which led to the pursuit of trade and new resources. Additionally, each of the models served as the basis for the establishment of future powers and great empires; despite their varying characteristics, they all shared some similarities.

Example 4

To begin, when we take into account the similarities and differences between the British, French, and Spanish models, we see that the British model was able to exert a significant amount of control over the newly acquired land in terms of the rate of settlement and the robustness of the economy at every level. Unlike the French and Spanish model, which was based solely on trade, the failure of farmers was the primary cause of this situation. Additionally, relations with the native Americans were generally positive. This was due to the fact that the British colonists welcomed the immigrants who were arriving to the land. This resulted in the consolidation of the connection with the Native Americans in a pleasant manner up to the time when the conflict occurred on the land. Our findings, on the other hand, indicate that the French and Spanish model attempted to convert the indigenous people of the Americas to the Catholic faith. This, in turn, resulted in a clash with the colonialists from the United Kingdom.
With the aforementioned, the focus of the economy that was established by the British colonies played a significant role in the cooperation with the Native Americans in order to increase political power and private wealth. Additionally, the goal was to exclude other empires as well as merchants by ensuring that exports from the market were greater than imports in order to safeguard the British colonies. A number of different religious and socioeconomic groups, such as artists, merchants, farmers, indentured servants, missionaries, and military personnel, were among the European colonizers. This is one of the similarities between the two groups. With the intensification of the competition over the ownership of the colonies, and the emergence of colonial policy as a thing of the basic others of a number of European countries, the colonial intentions expanded from merely seeking to enrich the mother country, by any possible means, motivated by the philosophy of free trade, to the motives of expansion and domination, and the assertion of claims of ethnic or civilizational superiority and scientifical, or all of that together.

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