2026SP Ethics (PHL-103-201) TEST 1/Jhasmiley Peguero

Write an ethical reflection essay based on the book JUSTICE for essay prompt #2. The essay should thoughtfully and critically examine the relationship between autonomy and duty in moral decision-making.

Begin by discussing whether the idea of autonomy is compatible or incompatible with duty. Consider whether acting freely according to ones own will can exist alongside moral obligations, or whether duty necessarily restricts personal freedom. Analyze how this tension shapes individuals ethical decision-making, particularly in complex or challenging situations.

In addition, explore the question of moral priority: When making decisions, is it both moral and realistic to consider oneself before or more than others? Should the needs of others take precedence, or is a both/and approachbalancing self-interest and responsibility toward others more ethically sound? Engage this issue with nuance and avoid oversimplified conclusions.

To support your analysis, compare and contrast any two (2) of the following perspectives discussed in JUSTICE: Utilitarian, Libertarian, Kantian, and Rawlsian (refer specifically to Chapters 2, 3, 5, and 6). Clearly explain the core principles of the two theories you select, and analyze how each framework understands autonomy, duty, and moral responsibility. Identify both similarities and differences in how these perspectives approach ethical analysis and the connection between individual freedom and obligation to others.

The essay should present a clear thesis that directly answers the central question. Rather than summarizing the chapters, focus on critical reflection and philosophical analysis. Conclude by synthesizing your comparison into a coherent position on whether autonomy and duty can coincide and how individuals should weigh their own interests against the interests of others when making moral decisions.

Formatting Requirements (MLA Style):

• Maximum 500 words (do not exceed 500 words).
• 12-point Times New Roman font.
• Double-spaced.
• 1-inch margins on all sides.
• MLA heading in the upper left corner (Your Name / Instructors Name / Course / Date).
• Include a clear, centered title.
• Use MLA in-text citations if directly referencing the text.
• Include a Works Cited page only if direct quotations are used.